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What separates leadership's priorities from what customers value

A seven-year study published in Harvard Business Review found, at the vast majority of companies, no relationship, or even an inverse one, between leadership's priorities and the value measured among customers. The authors trace the gap to decisions driven by intuition, a recent episode or a competitor's move, and show how to measure before investing.

Brutalit newsroom · 6 min read
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In this article

    Few people in a company talk to as many customers as its leadership does. Leaders take the biggest client's calls, sit in on the hard negotiations, receive the complaint that made it all the way up. Even so, when leadership has to identify what creates the most value for customers, that experience, in most cases, does not lead to the right answer. That is the finding of a study that followed 72 companies over seven years, published in the November-December 2026 issue of Harvard Business Review. At the vast majority of them, the ranking of priorities set by executives bore no relation to the value measured among customers, and in some cases it pointed the opposite way.

    This does not mean a lack of preparation. Leadership decides with the information that reaches it, and that information tends to give more weight to what is recent, memorable or comes from an important client. What is routine weighs less.

    What happened

    The article is by Vikas Mittal, a marketing professor at Rice University, with Alessandro Piazza, Sonam Singh and Ashwin Malshe. On the magazine's podcast on November 10, Mittal described the method. First, executives at each company ranked the factors they believed created the most value for customers. Then the team measured how much value each factor actually generated. According to him, the correlation between the two lists was zero or negative at the vast majority of companies.

    The authors trace the gap to decisions driven by intuition, by recent episodes or by whatever a competitor just did. The consequence, according to the article's summary, is a strategy that changes direction often and consumes resources without a proportional return. Their proposal is to use data and statistical models to identify the few factors that matter most for sales and profit, focus the team on them and cut what adds little value.

    Why it matters

    Leadership decides under time pressure, with incomplete information and many voices competing for the agenda. In that setting, the most vivid story tends to win. A tough conversation with a big client becomes the quarter's priority because it is concrete, recent and has a name attached. In an example Mittal gave on the podcast, without citing where the figure comes from, apartment residents ask for a gym in the building, yet fewer than 20% use it once it is built. What creates more value for them is management fixing everyday problems, such as a broken appliance. The request was legitimate, but it was not what mattered most.

    There is also an asymmetry that confuses any judgment made by eye. At one of the companies where Mittal applied the method, delivering a day ahead of schedule added no value for the customer, while being a day late cut perceived value sharply. There, the deadline worked as an obligation. Spending to beat it meant spending where the customer perceives no gain, and missing it was costly.

    The Swagelok case, cited by Mittal, shows what is at stake. The company was about to fund a warehouse automation project when the analysis showed that the decisive factor for customers was quoting speed. Quotes took around 18 to 19 hours, and customers wanted same-day answers. At another, unnamed company, a custom-built app for its largest customer cut quoting time from five hours to under five seconds.

    The cost of a wrong priority rarely shows up as a mistake. The project is delivered and it works. The loss lies in what was not done with the same budget and the same calendar.

    What changes for you

    Owner. The question "what does the customer want?" gets a more useful companion: what evidence shows this changes repurchase? Every customer-facing initiative that reaches your desk should come with the data linking it to revenue or margin, not just the account of whoever heard the request. That gives your decision the same footing you demand of any investment.

    Sales leader. The sales team is the main source of the stories that move leadership, and so it carries a greater responsibility. Separate what customers ask for from what they use and from what makes them buy again. Quote turnaround, for example, may be deciding deals, as in the Swagelok case, without showing up on leadership's dashboard.

    Operations lead. Mittal measures how much of their time people spend on the job they were hired to do. The typical figure, he says, is between 35% and 45%, with the rest going to what companies call strategic initiatives. Measuring that share shows the true weight of each new project before it is approved.

    What changes in Brazil

    At a midsize Brazilian company, the path from customer to decision tends to be even shorter. The owner knows the main clients by name, takes their calls and decides based on those conversations. That closeness is a competitive advantage. It also amplifies the gap the study describes, because the clients who talk most with leadership do not necessarily represent the customer base.

    The open portion of the research has no data on Brazil, and the tool it recommends, statistical models run across many customers, does not always fit the routine of a 50-person company. The principle does. Cross-checking last year's fulfilled requests against repurchase by the clients who made them already separates what created value from what merely pleased someone in a meeting. And choosing a few fronts protects leadership's calendar, the scarcest resource at many companies.

    The move

    1. Write the list and test it against the numbers. Ask each director to rank, alone, the five factors that weigh most in the customer's decision. Then compare the lists with one another and with what repurchase, churn and complaint data show. Disagreement among directors is already information.

    2. Pick two areas of excellence. Mittal suggests asking which two things the company can excel at, instead of trying fifty. On baseline expectations, such as deadlines and safety, the goal is not to fail. The extra effort goes to the two chosen areas.

    3. Cut before you add. For every new customer-facing initiative, decide which one comes off the list. That way the team's time goes back to the work customers notice and pay for.

    The other side

    The open portion of the article is short, since the full text is for subscribers only, and many of the examples come from the audio interview, in which Mittal himself rounds numbers. He cites, for example, a company identified only as ITI whose stock, according to him, rose something like 160%, against 35% for the S&P index, although in the same account the company's president speaks of 55%, and it is unclear whether the figures cover the same period. It is a case chosen by the author and does not prove causation.

    Statistical models require customer volume and organized data, which many companies lack. And leadership's judgment remains irreplaceable where data does not reach: a new market, a product customers do not yet know to ask for, a shift no history records. The risk is not in using experience but in treating it as a measurement. Finally, the open portion of the article does not describe the 72 companies by sector or country, which calls for caution before assuming the pattern holds the same way in every market.

    What to watch

    • The 2027 plan: how many customer-facing initiatives arrive with data on their impact on repurchase or margin, and how many rest on what someone heard in a meeting.
    • Customer requests that become projects without anyone measuring, afterward, how many customers use what was delivered.
    • Turnaround times for quotes, deliveries and problem resolution, which may matter more than they seem and do not always show up on leadership's dashboard.

    Questions to take to the meeting

    What evidence backs this year's three customer priorities?

    If the answer is leadership's opinion, a memorable conversation with a big client or what a competitor just launched, the priority may be wrong. The research shows that at most of the companies studied, the ranking set by executives had zero or negative correlation with measured value.

    Where are we exceeding customer expectations without getting anything for it?

    At one company Mittal analyzed, arriving a day early added no value, while arriving a day late cut it sharply. Spending to beat a standard customers see as a given is usually money with no return.

    How much of the team's time goes to the job each person was hired to do?

    According to Mittal, the typical figure is 35% to 45%, with the rest going to what companies call strategic initiatives. Measuring that share shows how many fronts the company can really sustain.

    Sources
    1. Do You Know What Your Customers Value? · Harvard Business Review
    2. What Customers Really Value, and Why Leaders Keep Getting It Wrong (HBR IdeaCast) · Harvard Business Review
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